Aeroplane.



G,H.DUNCAN.

AEROPLANE.

I APPLIGATION FILED FEB-1771910. 1,004,558. Patented Oct. 3, 1911.

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W 1 TTORNEYS C. H. DUNCAN.

Patented Oct. 3, 1911.

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WITNESSES.-

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G. H. DUNCAN.

AEROPLANB.

APPLICATION FILED 1EB.11, 1910.

1,004,558. Patented Oct. 3, 1911.

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C. H. DUNCAN.

AEBOPVLANE.

APPLICATION FILED I'EB.17, 191

1,004,558. Patented 0ct.3,191 1.

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ATTORNEYS G. H. DUNCAN. AEROBLANB. APPLIOATION FILED FEB. 17, l910.

1,004,558. PatentedOct. a, 1911.

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INVENTOR Arm/mm CHARLES H. DUNCAN, OF NEW YORK, N. Y.

AEROPLANE.

To all ab/mm it'mdy concern:

' Be it known that I, CHARLES-H. DUNCAN,

. a citizen of the United States, anda resident of thecity-of New York', boroughof Manhattan, in, the'county and State of New York,'have invented a new and Improved Aeroplane,'of'which the following is a full,

clear, and exact description.

secure the desired object.

tion is the "means employed for connecting "This invention relates to certain improvements in heavier than-air flying machines, and more particularly to that type in which one or more planes are employed.

The main object of my invention is toso support the lo'a'dfrom the plane that the load will hang'substantially as a pendulum and will operate automatically to prevent any material-tipping or tilting of the plane. The plane is free to tilt through a limited angle in respect to the vertical line maintained by the suspended load, but as soon as the plane does begin to tilt in respect to the vertical, means are brought into operation which :act automatically to restore the plane to its proper horizontal position. Thisautomaticrighting of the plane may be brought about by the opening of the ports in one portion of the plane, so as to let the air pass through that portion, or it may bebroug'ht'about by the mechanical tipping or tilting of a second plane in the reverse direction so as to counteract the tilting of the first plane; Both of these means may be employedflor other suitable means which will -'A' furtherimportant feature of my inventhe plane to the load supporting member or members, to permit a limited tilting, but to 'norn' ally tend to prevent such tilting.

still further important feature resides in the construction of the rudder, whereby the-size offlthe rudder may be varied in ac-.

,. cordance with the wind pressure or'other atmosphericconditions which might atiect operation thereof.

The various'fe'atures of my invention may be vaned in construction and relative 'arrangement, without departing from the s' piri'tofmy invention, and I do not 'wish the specific form illustrated in the drawings to be considered in a' limiting sense, but rather in an illustrative sense.

Specification of Letters Patent;

Patented Oct. 3, 1911.

Application filed February 17, 1910. Serial No. 544,388.

Reference is to be had to the accompanying drawings, forming a part of this speci-.

fication, in which similar characters of reference lndicate corresponding parts 1n all the figures, and iii wh1ch Figure 1 15 a vertical section through a machine constructed in accordance with my invention; Fig. 2 is an inverted plan View of the'main plane shown in Fig. 1; Fig. 3 is a vertical section through a somewhat modified form of construction; Fig. 4 is an inverted plan view of the main plane shown in Fig. 3; Fig. 5 is a sectional detail showing the connection of the load-supporting memher and the plane; Fig. 6 is a transverse section 1 the line 6-6 of Fig. 3; Fig. 7 is a detail of one of the plane guides, taken on the section line 77 of Fig. 5; and Fig. 8 is a side elevation of my improved rudder.

In my improved aeroplane, I employ one 'or more planes of" any suitable form or size,

and instead of mounting the load rigid in respect to the plane, I suspend the load from the center of the plane and connect the'suspending means by a fort" of oint which will any direction without swinging the load. In

the preferred construction, I support the load from a vertical rod, and connect the latter to the center of the plane by a balland-socket joint. In the specific construction illustrated in'Figs. 1 and 2, I employ two planes l0 and 11, each circular in form and the plane 11 mounted above the plane.

10 with the centers of the two in vertical alinement. The upper plane 11 is substanti-ally flat, while the lower plane 10 is curved, so that all parts thereotlie in the surface of a sphere. A rod 12 extends vertically through the centers of both of the planes, and is connected to each of them by a form of ball-and-socket.joint which permits a. tilting of the plane in respect. to the rod 12. The rod 12"constitutesthe means for supporting and suspending-the load tromthe planes. By the :term 9load I; mean the motor, propeller, passenger basket or car,

and such other partsas. do not directlycontribute to the supporting of the machine in the aiin: These parts mayassume any doright 11, and in a collar on the rod, is

. a shaft 16 earrvin a )10 )eller 17 and driven from the motor bv anvsuitable earin 18.

u D O Directly opposite to the propeller shaft is a rudder shaftlt) supported in a suitable upright 20 and in the collar 15.

At any suitable point on the shaft 9, prefcrab] y the rear thereof, there is provided an improved rudder, which is shown more in detail in Fig. 8. This rudder is for the purpose of balancing the-machine, and has the .feature of being expansible so as to vary its active surface. On the shaft 19, there is provided a plurality of radially-disposed fins 120, each of which comprises a stationary blade 121 and a pair of movable blades 21 and 22. The movable blades may be hinged together, as at 123, and may be slidingly connected to the stationary blade 121, as by means of a pin-and-slot connection 12st. The blades 21 can also be pivotally connected, as at 125, tacit-her the blades 1 21 or a station ary portion of the shaft 19. The other movable blades 22 may be pivotally connected to a slide 23, which is adapted to be operated in any suitable manner, as by being con nected to an operating lever 24-, by meansof a connecting rod 126. It will thus be seen that by manipulating the lever 21, the blades 21 and 22 can be moved to positions in which they overlap the'stationary blade 121 to a greater or less extent. For example, when the lever is swung into the fullline position illustrated in Fig. 8, the blades :21 and 22 will be manipulated into their outermost position, where they project to the greatest extent beyond the blades 121,'expos ing their fullest active surface. "\Vhen the lever 24 is swung to the dotted-line position indicated in Fig. 8, the blades 21 and 22' will be slid and pivoted into the dotted-line posiatlOIl in which they will overlap the station-- ary blades 121, thereby causing the fins 120 to have their least area exposed to the action of the air. Any intermediate position between these two extremes may be had by an intermediate adjustment of the lever 24.

, For tilting the rudderto steer the machine, any suitable means may be employed, as, for instance, cords 25 extending upwardly from the car and over pulleys on the collar 15, and thence outwardly along the shaft. These cords, at their outer-ends, are connected to short levers 26 beyond a joint in the shaft 19, so that by pulling either cord, the entire rudder may be swung upwardly or downwardly as desired. 1

' In the machine illustrated in Figs. 1. and 2, the rod 12, adjacent its upper end, has two 5 collars 27 and 28 thereon, which are dished to form the opposite sides ofa socket for a hollow ball 29. The plane 11 is secured to tate a short distance in any directionl between the socket collars 27 and 28, and thus permit a limited tilting of the plane 11 in respect to the suspending rod 12. To permit this tilting and to automatically restore the plane to its horizontal position, I provide a skeleton disk or spider 30, the. upper surface of which is curved spherically and is substantially tangential to the plane 11 at the center of the latter. This skeleton frame which may be termed a spider has aperiplr eral member or rim 31, a plurality of straightspoko members lying in the same plane, and a plurality of curved spoke members 33, each lying in the arc of a circle. curved spoke members 33,-i1're directly below supporting ribs in the plane 11 and are held against lateral or rotative movement in're- These.

spect thereto bysuitable guides 34. The

structure of these guides, as well as of the -ribs and the-ball-and-socket, may be substantially the same as hereinafter described in connection with the form shown in Figs. 3,

1 and 5, and asfillustrated particularly in Fig. 5.

The two sets of spokes nected to a collar 35, which is free to slide longitudinally on the rod 12, but is held, up

nut ,33 are conagainst the latter by a heavy coil spring 36. s

As the plane 11 tends to tilt in any direction, its surface will engage with the upper curved spokes 33 at increasing distances from. the rod 12, and the skeleton disk will be 't'o-reed downwardly against the action of the spring 36. The greater the extent of the tilting, the greater will be the resistance to the tilting, as the compression of the spring is continuously increased. main weight is at the lower end ofthe shaft- 12, the latter tends to hang in a substantially vertical position, and it therefore maintains the skeleton disk 30 in a substantially horizontal \plane. Thus the skeleton disk automatically tends to restore theplane to its horizontal position. The tension of the spring 86 may be varied in accordance with the condition or, character of the wind, by adjusting a nutor collar 37 which constitutes a stop for thelower end of the spring. 'If desired, means may be provided for adjusting-this springtension while the machine is in flight, although in the accompanying drawings, I have 'notillustrated any such mechanism.

Directly below the. plane 11 is the plane 10, and this plane is provided with a ball 29? at the center, fitted between two socket'collars 27, 28*. The plane 10 will thus be capable or the same tilting movement asthe plane 11. It is not necessary to use a second skeleton disk 30 in connection with the As the load or.

= plane 10, as-the two planes may be connected in the rightposition; If'auton atic circuit by a plurality of cords or wires 38, each e.\'-' closers are employed, 'T" preferabl mount tending from a point on the periphery of them upon a ring tficonstituting a portion one-plane to a diametrically. opposite point of thereinforcemento1- bracing oi the plane 5 on thepcriphery of the other plane. Thus 10. i This ring is concentric with the rod 12, 70

any tiltingmovementof one plane is COHI- but is SOLiUWllilh larger, thatit mayhave inunicated' to theotherplane, andthe spring a limited lateral movement. To the periph tends-to counteract or prevent the tilting. cry of the ringis connected a plurality of inovement of eitlreg, Th o -d lay a s cbars 47, which extend upwardly to the plane ond and even more importantfunction; that adjacent the center of the latter, and a plu? 75 i h one l i tilt d b theaction rality of cords 4S extendflfrom-poiuts around the wind, the cords tilttheother plane In the r ng 46 to the periphery of the plane;

the opposite direction, solas t t 'a t ks the plane -t1lts. a portion of the ring 46 the tilting effect of the first plane. The brought nearer to the shaft 12. and-this 15' plane 10 is the main plane and the one'theremovement of the ringinay be u iliz to 80 time most subj cted to the wind action. c tr the opening amt-closing of the open- !h id f thi plane i tilt d lugs in the plane'inanysuitable manner. wardly, thejcoyds 38 tilt. downwardly the ad- It is immaterial whether the skeleton (liSli jaeentside of the plane 11, and the wind in be used in connection withthe"upperplane striking-the reversely tilted plane 11, tends or in connection with the lower planc, an'd 85 to right the latter, and thus tends to restore 1t is not essential that either plane be both planes to their normal position indecurved. In the form shown in Figs. 3 to" 7, pendently of the action of the spring. For inclusive,'I employ anupperplane 11 and n further tending to right the planes, I pr0-' a lower plane IO both circular, flat, and'of vide means whereby the air pressure will be the same size. The plane 11 is connected '90 exerted against the lower edge of the plane to the central rod 12 by a. suitableball-and- 10 with greater force than against the upper socket oint- 29, and the peripheries of the or) raised edge; This means may he either two planes are con'nected'by diagonal cords. I

automatically or manually controlled'in its 38". .Above the plane 10" is a 'skeleton disk 30 operation,and mayoperateeitherby mechanior spider, shown in detail in Fig. 5, a'n d '95- cal connections or by electric connections. As formed -substantially as described in con-, shown in -Fig.. 2,-the plane 10 is provided nectionwith Figs. '1 and 2. This skeleton?- with a series of openin 's 39 about the pedisk includes a pair "of spokes 32*in the riphery thereof, and a jacent each opening same plane, and a series of spokes 33 curved j 35 is a pivotally mounted closure 4:0,normally to lie in. the surface of a sphere. These'100 disposed over the opening and preventing ,spokes are preferably cl1annel-shaped,"as the passage of air through the latter. Adshown incross section in Fig. .7, and the jacent the center of .the plane 10 are pairs plane 1O has ribs 4.9, which are also channelof solenoid electromagnetsel and t2, each shaped and which are mounted to liewit-hin 0 having a common -:core 43, which is pivotally the channels33. From each-rib 49, a guide connected to the pivoted closure-40. By en- 34 extends upwardly through an aperture ergizin'g these magnets, the corresponding in the corresponding spoke'33 so that the closures may be operated to permit thefree parts are prevented from rotating'in respect passage" of air through one portion of the to each other. All of the spokes 32 and 33 45 plane, but to prevent it from passingthrou'gh are connected to the collar 35, which in another portiom In operation, the closures this instance may be secured to the rod 12.-

are normally inoperative position, to pre-- Slidably amounted upon 'the' rod are two vent anyair from passing through theplane, socket collars 27" and 28", but the; two are but-incase a gust of wind suddenly tilts rigidlyconnected together by a sleeve 50 5o theplane to raise one edge of it-,-one"or' more exjending through the center of the hollow of the closures-adjacent that edge are operball 29". A spring 3G presses upwardly ated to uncover their corresponding ,openagainst the lower collar 28, so as to raise ings 39, so that the wind pressure against the entire plane against the skeleton disk. the raised edge of'the plane willbe reduc ed As the plane tilts, the ball and its socket 5'5 and will tend to restore the pane to its'norcollars slide downwardly against the action .r'nally. horizontal position. The circuits for of the spring in 'substantially-the'sa'me manthese; ma nets may bev closed automatically ner as the skeleton d sk slides'do\\" nwardly by the. ti ting of the plane, or 'a. manually 1n the; form shown in Fig. 1. For yarying be employed. As the-tension, of thef'sprin ,j thejrod may be operated circuit closer may 60. illustrated in Eigrl here is acireuit closer provided with 'an outer "s eeve oi,'eir'tendi,ng-12 'includinga pivotedlever 44 movable over downwardly to a. pointadjacent the car and a-curved contact her 45. The contact-bar 'hayinga. hand wheel 52 for .'o crating-the hasseparate insulated portions "connected to sleeve to' moye it upwardly'or ownwardly. theseveral electromagnets, sot-hat. any 'magf For controll'ingthe press'nrea'gain'st i as was beoperated by placing the lever 44 l the plane, I provide the planewith a series o-levers and links, sho

no otally connected the machine.

"- diametrically opp two of the levers 5 -651tis off-ports or apertures 39*, adjacent the pe-l riphery, and for each port there is provided a 'closure 40 slidab e radially between guides. 53. Suitable mechanism-is provide whereby the closures are automatically operated upon-the tilting of the plane, so that anffo'penmg adjacent the uppe'rfedge of the "plane will be uncovered. The particular --mechanism employed includes a system of wn particularly in Figs. ding downwardly from ith are a plurality of bars 47?, which support at their lower ends, a ring 4L6, which latter is connected 15 to the periphery of the plane by cords 48. Adjacent the ringe63 and of smaller di- :mmeter, is a ring 5,4, which is rigidly sewed by suitablespokes to the' rod 12*, (our rather the sleeve '51 5f the latter. Pivto each closure 40 is a the under side of the alever 56. is pivotally connected 'r' end of each link and to the the same side of the center of Each lever, engages with the periphery of the ring' 54, so that the latter serves as a fulcrum,"and each lever is connected to the diametrically opposite lever, so that the levers will swing in pairs. he particular connecting means illustrated, in-

cludes a plurality of super osed rings 58 unattached to eachother an unattached to the"sle'eve 51, buteeachhaving a pair 0 osite arms 57 pivoted to I 6. Thereare as many of; '"theserings 58 as there are pairs of levers, 'andea'ch ringis connected to a separate pair, so. that when the plane is tilted in any direction, the relative movement of the ring 46-? respect -to the center rod 19., will cause. 'the. lever, 56 on the downwardly tilted side of the plane, to swing outwardly, and the 'ring58 and arms 57 will draw the diametrically'opposite lever 56 inwardly. .The closures l0 areof such sizethat an outward movement of the closure does not open the ort, but an inward'inovement of the closure omits normal position, will open the port. Thus, as the plane is tilted, the closure on the lower side ofthe plane will move outwardly, but this will not permit the passage. of air through the lower side of the plane, but the inward movement of theclosure at the upper side of the plane will permit the air to freely pass through this upper, port-ion, and to reduce the lifting strain of the latter. ,The result gained issubstantially that'g'ained in the form shown 'in Figs; 1 and 2; that is, air is permitted to lane.

, Although the uncovering of the ports in the plane adjacent the upper side of the Exten 3, 4: 'and (3. the plane and rigid'therew link 55,

plane, an

to the inn Ting 46- upon 1 ing adjacent ass through'the upper or raised side of the .by the rocking movement upon the rum about which the plane tilts, be termed the center of moveplane recedes toward one edge curved ribs or spokes of the skeleton disk. This is evident fromthe factthat the ball 29 and the collars 27 and 28" arefree to slide on the rod 12 against the tension of the spring 36. -When the planeisin a horizontal position, it will be noted that it is substantially tangential to these. curved ribs or spokes at the center of the. machine, and that'during the tilting movement it remains tangential, but the point of tangency moves toward one edge of the disk: Byiso mount- .ing the plane, it will be seen that the edge of the plane which'moves upwardly will travel through a less distance than the edge of the plane which moves downwardly. In other words, the center of the-hollow ball 29, and thus-the geometrical center of the plane, is prevented from upward movement by-the skeleton frame orspider,'but is permitted to move downwardly by the spring 36*. It will thus appear evident that the geometrical center'of the plane must always move downwardlyif theplane'tilts atall, therefore, the side of the plane which moves downward-1y willfmoveabout a pivotal center' or fulcrum located on the opposite side of the geometrical center, and inasmuch as the surface of the skeleton frame is in the form of a sphere, this pivotal or fulcrum center will move upwardly and outwardly for an' increased movement. It will thus be further evident that inasmuch as the side which moves downwar ly swings with a greater radius, it will travel over a greater downward distance than the side which moves upwardly, which swings with a shorter radius. By increasing the surface of the lowered side of the wing and decreasing the lifting surface, there would come a point where the tendency or the pressure on each wing would be equal, or balanced. This shifting of the'wing takes the shock ofl the machine, the shock being absorbed by the spring, while the other equalizing devices are operating to right the plane. The downward movement is against wind pressure,'115 whilev the upward 'niovement is usually with it, so that the excess of pressure against the portion forced downwardly tends to right the plane. Y

I wish it"distinctly understood that the particular mechanism employed for operating the slide, so as to secure the above-mentioned automatic balancing action, is immaterial so long'as the desired results are obtained.

Various changes may be made in the structure a'ndin' the details and relative arrangements of the'variousparts, without departing from the spirit of my invention.

ltiltsthe fulc which may ment of the latter when the plane tilts is important,'yet

very important that as the plane Having thus described my invention, I

3 7 I v v claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent means for supporting the load plane an the tiltin movement of the plane. 1

2. A.- ylng machine having a" tiltable' plane and means for supporting the load therefrom at a series of successive points approaching the rising edge of the plane I during the tilting movement of the plane.

3. A flying machinehaving a load-carrymg means, a frame connected thereto and a plane normally in engagement therewith at the center and tiltable in respect thereto to shift-the point of contact toward one edge of the plane.

4.. .A flying machine having a load-carr v- 2 ing means, a frame connected thereto and a plane normally in engagement therewith at ,the center and tiltable in respect thereto to shift the point of contact toward the upper edge of 'theplane during thet-ilting movementof the plane.

5. A flying machine having a load-carrying means,- a. frame connected thereto and presenting a curved surfa c'e' and a plane 'normall in engagementwith 7 said frame to rock along said curved surface.

gb atjits center and tlltable in respect thereto 6. ,A flying 'machinehaving a plane, load supporting means, connections depending .from the plane to said load supporting means"and'-fpermitting .the plane to tilt independently of the load supporting means. and means for varying the elevationof the center of-theplane in respect to the load supporting-means during the tilting m'ove- 40 ment.

7. A flying machine having a plane. load supporting means, connections depending from the plane to said load supporting means and permitting the plane to tilt in:

dependentlv of theload supporting neans.

' and means for lowering the elevation of the center of the plane in respect to the load supporting means during the tilting movementr- 5o "-8, A flying machine having a vertical-"rod or mast, means for supporting the load at the lower end thereof, a plane secured at its center to said rod or mast and tiltable in respect theretoxan'dmeans for moving the 5 center ofthe plane longitudinally of the rod or' mast'during the tilting movement.

9. A flying machine having a vertical rod or' mast, means for supporting the load at 1- the lower'endthereof, a plane secured at its center to said rod or. mast and tiltable in rcw spect thereto .'and means for lowering the center of the plane along the rod or mast during the tilting movement.

-10. A fi v1ng mach1ne having a rod or mast, a plane, and a. ball-and-socket joint A fixing machine having a tiltable approachingone edge of the plane' (lu1-ing' connecting said plane to said rod or'mast and movable vertically along the latter.

. 11. A flying machine having a rod. or mast, a plane and .a' -ball-and-socket jointconnectin said plane to said rod or-mast and-mova )le vertically along the latter durmg the tilting movementof the plane;

12. A tlyinglmachinejhaving two superposed planes, vertically-disposed rod'or mast connected to the centerof each plane, both of said'planes'being free to tilt in re-' spect to the rod or mast, and connections between said planes whereby a tilting- 0f one plane results in a tilting of the other plane in the opposite direction.

13.-.-\ flying machine having two su er- .posed planes, a vertically-disposed ro or mast connected to the center of each plane, both of said planes being free to tilt in respect to the rod' or. mast. and connections between said planes whereby a tilting of one plane IESlllfSrlli atilting ofthe'other plane having the center thereof movable longi tudinally of the rod or mast-during the tilting movement.

\ .14. A flying machine having two superposed planes, a rod or mas-ta universal joint --conneeting leach ofsaid'planes to said rod or mastflto permitthe tilting'of theplanes, one of said universa'l joints being movable relativ'elyto the otherlongitudinally of the rodor mast.

' plane,'a universal joint at the center of the plane. load supporting means connected to said universal jointwhercby the planes may be tilted in respect'to the load supporting means, and means arranged radially of said plane for permitting the passage of air through the plane at any point adj aoent the upper edge when the plane is inan;' tilted position about its universal. joint.

16. A. fivingmachine having a circularplane, load supporting means, connections "and independent means for operating each of said closures.

17. A fiyingmachine-having a circularplane. load supporting means. connections depending from the center of the 'plane to a'limited tilting movement of the plane, said ilane having a plurality of ports therein, closures controlling said ports. andelectro magnets 'for controlling said closures.

- 1h. A'fiying machine having a circular plane. load supporting means, connections depending from the center of the plane to said load supporting means and permitting a limited tilting movement of the plane, said in the opposite direction,.one of said planes depending from'the center of the plane to.

.15. A'fiyingmachine having a circular in. separate closures controlling" said ports.;,115

said load supporting means and permitting P a es a u al y] f p r st e ua's raiEd wdmag gas-,1 hiid eletiti-o; I 'magnets'barridfby seaplane-ad aceaethe vertically the position of the" pivotal center during the tilting.

22. A flying machine having a plane,

vload;support1ng means, pivotal connections between said planeQand said means, and

means'for vertically adjusting said pivotal connections in respect to said load-supportingmea-ns.

H .23. A flying machine havinga plane,

' load-supportingmeans, universal connec-' tions between. said plane and said means, and means for vertically adjusting. said universal connect-ions'in respect-tosaid load- ,supportin means. i

24. A ying machine having" a vertical 3o .rod or mast, means for supportmg theloadat the lower end thereof,-.a plane. secured .to said rod or mast and tiltable in'rcspect thereto, andmeans for moving said plane longitudinally of the rod or. mast. '25. A flying machine having a vertical rod or mast, means-for supporting the load at the lower end thereof, a plane secured to said rod 'or' mast and tiltable. in res ect thereto, and means for moving said l ane 40 longitudinally of the rod ,or'mast during the tiltingmovementf- 26. A flying machine having two superposed planes; a vertically-disposed rod or mast connected to the center-of each plane,

' "said planes be'ng free to tilt in opposite directions, and connections; between said planes whereby the -.angle .of o'ne plane in respect-tonthe other is'vaniedduring. the tilting "movement 7 1,50 .27. A flying machine having two super-v sed planes, means connecting said planes at'their center's andpermitting said planes to tilt, and connections between said planes,

' *wheiebya tilting of one-plane resultsin a tilting of the other planeijin the opposite direction.

28. A flying machine' having two superposed planes, a vertically disposed rod or mast, universal joint connections between each'plane and said rod or mast, and con-' nections' betw'e'nsaid planes, for tilting one plane upon'the tilting of the other plane.

29. A flying machine having two super-' posed planes, a rod or 'mast, and connections 5 between eachof said planes and saidrod opposite direction;

or mast, to permit the 'lt-ing. of the planes,"

gitndinally of therod or mastrelatively'ito 'planesya ivertically disposedfirodcor,

in'astcontiecteiiittfieach'planegibeth etgsaid planes being '"freetojtilt; inrespect to the rod or mast,'and connections between said planes, whereby a tilting-of one plane results in a tiltingof the otliferplane in the -31."A flying machine having amod-or mast, a plane, and pivotal connections between said'plane andsaid rod or mastza'nd movable vertically along the latter.

32. A flying machine having-a tiltable plane provided with? series of ports therein about the perl herythereof, aseries of independent closures for said ports, and means for automatically operating said, closures during the tilting of the plane,- to permit the passage of air throu h the plane adjacent the upper edge thereof.-

A flying machine having aplane, a spider adjacent said plane and presenting a curved surface-in rocking engagement with the plane, and a spring tending to hold said spring and said spider in engagement witheach other. a v i 134:. A flying machine having a vertical rod or mast,- -and two membersmounted thereon, one of saidme hers comprising'a spider, and the other ofsaid members,:com-

prising a plane, and one of said members being movable along said rod or mast-rela tively to the other;

35. A flying-machine having-a vertical rod or mast, and two: members mounted thereon, one of said members comprlsing a spider a d the other of said member s comprising plane, and one' of saidmembers being movable along said rod ormast rela-- tively to the other during a tilting of the plane. y

36. flying machine having-a-vertical rod or mast, two members m'ountedthereon,

one. ofsaid members comprising a "spider and the other of'said members comprising. a

plane, and oneof'said members being movable along said rod or mast r'elatively to the other, and a spring tending. tozip'revent said movement. 4

' 37. A'flying"-machine having a rod or mast, and two members, mounted thereon, one ofsaid members presenting a-curved surface and theother-of s'aid mernbers presenting a flat surface opposedthereto, one

of saidmembers comprlsingia-"plane tilt'able under wind pressure and 'having- 'rocking' en :agement with the ot-l er fmember.

38.'-:A flying machinet'lhavingf a rod. or mast, .two members mounted thereon, one-of said members presentinga c1'1rved '-"surface and the other of said members fpresenting. a

flat surfaee opposed thereto, one of said members comprising a plane tiltable under wind pressure and having rocking engagement'with the other member, and a spring .norma-lly tending to prevent tilting move-' ment.

39: 1S flying machine having a plane tiltable under-- Wind pressure, and a spider ad- -jaeent thereto and presenting a curved sur- 41. A flying maehine having a plane tilt- "able under Wind pressure a spider adjacent thereto and presenting a curved surface over wh ch said'plane may rock, and a guide for preventlngl a rotation of semi plane about a vertical axis.

In testimony whereof I have signed my name to this specificatlon 1n the presence of two subserlbmg witnesses.

CHARLES H. DUNCAN.

Witnesses:

CLAIR W. FAIRBANK,

PHILIP D. ROLLHAUS. 

